WebAssembly

介绍

WebAssembly，简称 Wasm，是一种面向编译目标的、可移植的二进制指令格式及其执行规范。

Wasm 是一个编译目标，可以使用 C/C++、Rust、Go 等语言写代码，然后编译成 .wasm 文件，然后通过 Wasm 运行时加载并执行。

在嵌入式系统中，Wasm Runtime 可以运行在 MCU 上，由 MCU 为 Wasm 模块提供必要的 Host API。

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+-------+    Wasm Compiler    +-------+  Load / Execute  +--------------+
| C/C++ | ------------+-----> | .wasm | ---------------> | Wasm Runtime |
+-------+             |       +-------+                  +--------------+
                      |                                         |
 +------+             |                                         | Host Function
 | Rust | ------------+                                         v
 +------+                                                    +-----+
                                                             | MCU |
                                                             +-----+

Wasm Runtime

Wasm Runtime 负责加载、验证、实例化和执行 Wasm 模块，并可以将 MCU 提供的功能注册为 Host Function，使 Wasm 模块能够访问有限的硬件或系统功能。

在当前的嵌入式开发中主要是使用 C/C++，所以我们一般是使用 C 语言编写的 Wasm Runtime。

当前主流的 Wasm Runtime 有：

当前验证使用的是 WAMR-2.4.5。

MSYS2

环境：

Windows 10 64-bit 家庭版（22H2）
终端：MSYS2（3.6.9-01d6c708.x86_64 2026-05-24）
工具链：gcc version 15.3.0
构建工具：Makefile

这里的测试只开启了解释器功能。

Makefile 如下：

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#
# Makefile
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Zeepunt

Q := @

ifeq ($(V),1)
	quiet =
	cmd = $(cmd_$(1))
else
	quiet = quiet_
	cmd = $(Q)$(if $(quiet_cmd_$(1)),echo '  $(quiet_cmd_$(1))' &&) $(cmd_$(1))
endif

BUILD_DIR := build

TARGET    := main

CC_PREFIX :=
AS        := $(CC_PREFIX)as
CC        := $(CC_PREFIX)gcc
LD        := $(CC_PREFIX)ld
NM        := $(CC_PREFIX)nm
AR        := $(CC_PREFIX)ar
OBJCOPY   := $(CC_PREFIX)objcopy
OBJDUMP   := $(CC_PREFIX)objdump
SIZE      := $(CC_PREFIX)size
STRIP     := $(CC_PREFIX)strip

ELF := $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf
MAP := $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).map

CFLAGS := \
	-std=c11 \
	-g \
	-O0

CFLAGS += \
	-fdata-sections \
	-ffunction-sections

# _DEFAULT_SOURCE 用于开启 glibc 的所有扩展声明
# MSYS2 的 libc 没有 MAP_32BIT, 这里需要添加
CFLAGS += \
	-D_GNU_SOURCE \
	-DMAP_32BIT=0

LDFLAGS := \
	-Wl,-Map=$(MAP) \
	-Wl,--gc-sections \
	-Wl,--print-memory-usage

LDLIBS :=

####################################################################################
WAMR_ROOT   := wasm-micro-runtime
WAMR_CORE   := $(WAMR_ROOT)/core

IWASM_DIR   := $(WAMR_CORE)/iwasm
SHARED_DIR  := $(WAMR_CORE)/shared

# WAMR compilation flags

## interpreter
WAMR_BUILD_INTERP                ?= 1
## fast interpreter
WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP           ?= 1
## mini loader
WAMR_BUILD_MINI_LOADER           ?= 0

## garbage collection
WAMR_BUILD_GC                    ?= 0
## String reference support
WAMR_BUILD_STRINGREF             ?= 0
## reference types
WAMR_BUILD_REF_TYPES             ?= 0

## AoT runtime
WAMR_BUILD_AOT                   ?= 0
## AoT validator
WAMR_BUILD_AOT_VALIDATOR         ?= 0

## JIT compilation
WAMR_BUILD_JIT                   ?= 0
## fast JIT
WAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT              ?= 0
## fast JIT dump
WAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT_DUMP         ?= 0

# libc builtin functions
WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_BUILTIN          ?= 1
# libc uvwasi compatibility
WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_UVWASI           ?= 0
# wasi libc
WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_WASI             ?= 1
# module instance context
WAMR_BUILD_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT   ?= 0

# multi-module support
WAMR_BUILD_MULTI_MODULE          ?= 0

# copy call stack
WAMR_BUILD_COPY_CALL_STACK       ?= 0

## SIMD support
WAMR_BUILD_SIMD                  ?= 1

## pthread library
WAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD           ?= 0
## pthread semaphore support
WAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD_SEMAPHORE ?= 0

## wasi threads
WAMR_BUILD_LIB_WASI_THREADS      ?= 0

## debug interpreter
WAMR_BUILD_DEBUG_INTERP          ?= 0

ifneq ($(filter 1,$(WAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT) $(WAMR_BUILD_JIT)),)
WAMR_BUILD_INTERP      := 1
WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP := 0
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_JIT),1)
WAMR_BUILD_AOT := 1
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_STRINGREF),1)
WAMR_BUILD_GC := 1
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_GC),1)
WAMR_BUILD_REF_TYPES := 1
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_UVWASI),1)
CFLAGS += -DWASM_ENABLE_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT=1

WAMR_BUILD_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT := 1
else ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_WASI),1)
CFLAGS += -DWASM_ENABLE_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT=1

WAMR_BUILD_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT := 1
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD_SEMAPHORE),1)
WAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD := 1
endif

####################################################################################

# WAMR iwasm
IWASM_INCLUDE := -I$(IWASM_DIR)/include
IWASM_SOURCE  :=

## common
WAMR_DISABLE_APP_ENTRY           ?= 0
WAMR_BUILD_INVOKE_NATIVE_GENERAL ?= 0

IWASM_INCLUDE += -I$(IWASM_DIR)/common

CFLAGS += -DBH_MALLOC=wasm_runtime_malloc
CFLAGS += -DBH_FREE=wasm_runtime_free

IWASM_SOURCE += \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_blocking_op.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_c_api.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_exec_env.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_loader_common.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_memory.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_native.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_runtime_common.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_shared_memory.c

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_INTERP),1)
IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/common/wasm_application.c
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_INVOKE_NATIVE_GENERAL),1)
IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/common/arch/invokeNative_general.c
else
ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_SIMD),1)
IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/common/arch/invokeNative_mingw_x64_simd.s
else
IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/common/arch/invokeNative_mingw_x64.s
endif
endif

## interpreter
ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_INTERP),1)
CFLAGS += -DWASM_ENABLE_INTERP=1

IWASM_INCLUDE += -I$(IWASM_DIR)/interpreter

IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/interpreter/wasm_runtime.c

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP),1)
CFLAGS += -DWASM_ENABLE_FAST_INTERP=1

IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/interpreter/wasm_interp_fast.c
else
IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/interpreter/wasm_interp_classic.c
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_MINI_LOADER),1)
IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/interpreter/wasm_mini_loader.c
else
IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/interpreter/wasm_loader.c
endif
endif

## fast-jit
ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT),1)
endif

## compilation
ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_JIT),1)
endif

# aot
ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_AOT),1)
endif

## gc
ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_GC),1)
endif

## libraries
ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_BUILTIN),1)
CFLAGS += -DWASM_ENABLE_LIBC_BUILTIN=1

IWASM_INCLUDE += -I$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-builtin

IWASM_SOURCE += $(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-builtin/libc_builtin_wrapper.c
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_UVWASI),1)
else ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_WASI),1)
CFLAGS += -DWASM_ENABLE_LIBC_WASI=1

IWASM_INCLUDE += \
	-I$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-wasi \
	-I$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/include \
	-I$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src

IWASM_SOURCE += \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-wasi/libc_wasi_wrapper.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src/blocking_op.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src/posix.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src/random.c \
	$(IWASM_DIR)/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src/str.c
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD),1)
endif

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIB_WASI_THREADS),1)
endif

####################################################################################

# WAMR shared
SHARED_INCLUDE :=
SHARED_SOURCE  :=

## platform (Linux)
CFLAGS += -DBH_PLATFORM_LINUX
CFLAGS += -DWASM_HAVE_MREMAP=0

SHARED_INCLUDE += \
	-I$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/include \
	-I$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/linux \
	-I$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix

SHARED_SOURCE += \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/linux/platform_init.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/memory/mremap.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_blocking_op.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_malloc.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_memmap.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_sleep.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_socket.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_thread.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_time.c

ifeq ($(WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_WASI),1)
SHARED_SOURCE += \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_clock.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/posix/posix_file.c
endif

ifneq ($(filter 1,$(WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_WASI) $(WAMR_BUILD_DEBUG_INTERP)),)
SHARED_INCLUDE += -I$(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/libc-util

SHARED_SOURCE += $(SHARED_DIR)/platform/common/libc-util/libc_errno.c
else
endif

## mem-alloc
SHARED_INCLUDE += -I$(SHARED_DIR)/mem-alloc

SHARED_SOURCE += \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/mem-alloc/mem_alloc.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/mem-alloc/ems/ems_alloc.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/mem-alloc/ems/ems_gc.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/mem-alloc/ems/ems_hmu.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/mem-alloc/ems/ems_kfc.c

## utils
SHARED_INCLUDE += \
	-I$(SHARED_DIR)/utils \
	-I$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/uncommon

SHARED_SOURCE += \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_assert.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_bitmap.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_common.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_hashmap.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_leb128.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_list.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_log.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_queue.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/bh_vector.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/runtime_timer.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/uncommon/bh_getopt.c \
	$(SHARED_DIR)/utils/uncommon/bh_read_file.c

####################################################################################

WAMR_RUNTIME_LIB_INCLUDE := \
	${IWASM_INCLUDE} \
	${SHARED_INCLUDE}

WAMR_RUNTIME_LIB_SOURCE := \
	${IWASM_SOURCE} \
	${SHARED_SOURCE}

INCLUDES := \
	$(WAMR_RUNTIME_LIB_INCLUDE)

SOURCES := \
	$(WAMR_RUNTIME_LIB_SOURCE) \
	main.c

OBJS := \
	$(patsubst %.c,$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o,$(filter %.c,$(SOURCES))) \
	$(patsubst %.s,$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o,$(filter %.s,$(SOURCES)))

quiet_cmd_as = AS      $<
cmd_as       = $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

quiet_cmd_cc = CC      $<
cmd_cc       = $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -c -o $@ $<

quiet_cmd_ld = LD      $(TARGET)
cmd_ld       = $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LDLIBS)

quiet_cmd_size = SIZE    $(TARGET)
cmd_size       = $(SIZE) $@

PHONY :=
PHONY += all
all: $(ELF)

$(ELF): $(OBJS)
	$(call cmd,ld)
	$(call cmd,size)

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(call cmd,cc)

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.s | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)
	$(call cmd,as)

$(BUILD_DIR):
	$(Q)mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)

PHONY += clean
clean:
	$(Q)rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)

PHONY += run
run: $(ELF)
	$(Q)$(ELF)

.PHONY: $(PHONY)

需要修改以下文件：

core/shared/platform/common/posix/posix_file.c

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#if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(ESP_PLATFORM)
#define CONFIG_HAS_PWRITEV 0  /* 由 1 改为 0 */
#define CONFIG_HAS_PREADV 0   /* 由 1 改为 0 */
#else
...
#endif

测试的 main.c 文件：

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/**
 * main.c
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Zeepunt
 */
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "wasm_export.h"
#include "bh_platform.h"

static uint8_t __aligned(4) s_wasm_interp[] = {
    0x00, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6D, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x10, 0x03, 0x60,
    0x01, 0x7F, 0x01, 0x7F, 0x60, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x01, 0x7F, 0x60, 0x01,
    0x7F, 0x00, 0x02, 0x31, 0x04, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x04, 0x70, 0x75,
    0x74, 0x73, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x06, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x6C,
    0x6C, 0x6F, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72,
    0x69, 0x6E, 0x74, 0x66, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x04, 0x66,
    0x72, 0x65, 0x65, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x05, 0x01,
    0x70, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x06, 0x13, 0x03,
    0x7F, 0x01, 0x41, 0xC0, 0x28, 0x0B, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x41, 0xBA, 0x08, 0x0B,
    0x7F, 0x00, 0x41, 0xC0, 0x28, 0x0B, 0x07, 0x2C, 0x04, 0x06, 0x6D, 0x65,
    0x6D, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x79, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x5F, 0x5F, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74,
    0x61, 0x5F, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x64, 0x03, 0x01, 0x0B, 0x5F, 0x5F, 0x68, 0x65,
    0x61, 0x70, 0x5F, 0x62, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x03, 0x02, 0x04, 0x6D, 0x61,
    0x69, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0A, 0xB2, 0x01, 0x01, 0xAF, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03,
    0x7F, 0x23, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x41, 0x20, 0x6B, 0x22, 0x02,
    0x24, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x41, 0x9B, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00,
    0x10, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x02, 0x40, 0x02, 0x40, 0x41,
    0x80, 0x08, 0x10, 0x81, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x22, 0x03, 0x0D, 0x00,
    0x41, 0xA8, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x10, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00,
    0x1A, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x21, 0x04, 0x0C, 0x01, 0x0B, 0x20, 0x02, 0x20, 0x03,
    0x36, 0x02, 0x10, 0x41, 0x80, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x20, 0x02, 0x41,
    0x10, 0x6A, 0x10, 0x82, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x41, 0x00, 0x21,
    0x04, 0x20, 0x03, 0x41, 0x04, 0x6A, 0x41, 0x00, 0x2F, 0x00, 0x91, 0x88,
    0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x03, 0x41, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00,
    0x8D, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x02, 0x20, 0x03,
    0x36, 0x02, 0x00, 0x41, 0x93, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x20, 0x02, 0x10,
    0x82, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x20, 0x03, 0x10, 0x83, 0x80, 0x80,
    0x80, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x20, 0x02, 0x41, 0x20, 0x6A, 0x24, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
    0x80, 0x00, 0x20, 0x04, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x41, 0x01, 0x00, 0x41, 0x80, 0x08,
    0x0B, 0x3A, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x20, 0x70, 0x74, 0x72, 0x3A, 0x20, 0x25,
    0x70, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66,
    0x3A, 0x20, 0x25, 0x73, 0x00, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x20, 0x77,
    0x6F, 0x72, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x63,
    0x20, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x20, 0x66, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x64, 0x00
};

static void *app_instance_main(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst)
{
    wasm_application_execute_main(module_inst, 0, NULL);

    const char *exception = wasm_runtime_get_exception(module_inst);
    if (exception != NULL) {
        printf("%s\n", exception);
    }

    return NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    RuntimeInitArgs init_args = {0};
#if WASM_ENABLE_GLOBAL_HEAP_POOL == 0
    init_args.mem_alloc_type = Alloc_With_Allocator;
    init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.malloc_func = (void *)malloc;
    init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.realloc_func = (void *)realloc;
    init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.free_func = (void *)free;
#endif

    if (!wasm_runtime_full_init(&init_args)) {
        printf("wasm runtime init failed\n");
        return -1;
    }

#if WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0
    char error_buf[128] = {0};

    wasm_module_t wasm_module = NULL;
    wasm_module_inst_t wasm_module_inst = NULL;

    wasm_module = wasm_runtime_load(s_wasm_interp,
                                    sizeof(s_wasm_interp) / sizeof(s_wasm_interp[0]),
                                    error_buf,
                                    sizeof(error_buf));

    if (wasm_module == NULL) {
        printf("wasm runtime load failed: %s\n", error_buf);
        goto exit;
    }

    printf("wasm runtime instantiate\n");
    wasm_module_inst = wasm_runtime_instantiate(wasm_module,
                                                32 * 1024, /* stack size */
                                                32 * 1024, /* heap size */
                                                error_buf,
                                                sizeof(error_buf));
    if (wasm_module_inst == NULL) {
        printf("wasm runtime instantiate failed: %s\n", error_buf);
        goto unload;
    }

    printf("run the application's main function\n");
    app_instance_main(wasm_module_inst);

    printf("wasm runtime deinstantiate\n");
    wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(wasm_module_inst);

unload:
    printf("wasm module unload\n");
    wasm_runtime_unload(wasm_module);
#endif

exit:
    printf("wasm runtime destroy\n");
    wasm_runtime_destroy();

    return 0;
}

测试结果：

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$ make
...
Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used
  SIZE    main
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
 396973    9856     416  407245   636cd build/main.elf

$ make run
wasm runtime instantiate
run the application's main function
Hello world!
buf ptr: 0x1458
buf: 1234
wasm runtime deinstantiate
wasm module unload
wasm runtime destroy

参考工程

ESP32S3

测试项目：ATK_DNESP32S3

ESP-IDF v6.0.2
ESP32-S3
xtensa-esp-elf-gcc（gcc version 15.2.0）

乐鑫已经提供有适配好的 WAMR 组件：wasm-micro-runtime。

我们只需要添加组件依赖：

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idf.py add-dependency "espressif/wasm-micro-runtime"

当前使用的是最新的版本：2.4.0~1。

编译

实际测试发现，当前的 WAMR 版本编译会报错（issues 5066 和 pull 5069）。

我们需要在对应的文件里添加下面的内容：

core/shared/platform/esp-idf/platform_internal.h

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#include <sys/stat.h>

#if defined(__PICOLIBC__)
/**
 * 1. ESP-IDF 6.0.2 默认使用 Picolibc, 这个 C 库没有提供该函数
 * 2. 在 espidf_platform.c 文件里定义有该函数
 */
int
renameat(int fromfd, const char *from, int tofd, const char *to);
#endif

测试

测试代码：

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/*
 * app_wasm.c
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Zeepunt
 */
#include <pthread.h>

#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"

#include "esp_err.h"
#include "esp_log.h"

#include "wasm_export.h"
#include "bh_platform.h"

static const char *TAG = "app_wasm";

static pthread_t s_wasm_tid;

static uint8_t __aligned(4) s_wasm_interp[] = {
    0x00, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6D, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x10, 0x03, 0x60,
    0x01, 0x7F, 0x01, 0x7F, 0x60, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x01, 0x7F, 0x60, 0x01,
    0x7F, 0x00, 0x02, 0x31, 0x04, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x04, 0x70, 0x75,
    0x74, 0x73, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x06, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x6C,
    0x6C, 0x6F, 0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72,
    0x69, 0x6E, 0x74, 0x66, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x04, 0x66,
    0x72, 0x65, 0x65, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x04, 0x05, 0x01,
    0x70, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x06, 0x13, 0x03,
    0x7F, 0x01, 0x41, 0xC0, 0x28, 0x0B, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x41, 0xBA, 0x08, 0x0B,
    0x7F, 0x00, 0x41, 0xC0, 0x28, 0x0B, 0x07, 0x2C, 0x04, 0x06, 0x6D, 0x65,
    0x6D, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x79, 0x02, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x5F, 0x5F, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74,
    0x61, 0x5F, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x64, 0x03, 0x01, 0x0B, 0x5F, 0x5F, 0x68, 0x65,
    0x61, 0x70, 0x5F, 0x62, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x03, 0x02, 0x04, 0x6D, 0x61,
    0x69, 0x6E, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0A, 0xB2, 0x01, 0x01, 0xAF, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03,
    0x7F, 0x23, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x41, 0x20, 0x6B, 0x22, 0x02,
    0x24, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x41, 0x9B, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00,
    0x10, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x02, 0x40, 0x02, 0x40, 0x41,
    0x80, 0x08, 0x10, 0x81, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x22, 0x03, 0x0D, 0x00,
    0x41, 0xA8, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x10, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00,
    0x1A, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x21, 0x04, 0x0C, 0x01, 0x0B, 0x20, 0x02, 0x20, 0x03,
    0x36, 0x02, 0x10, 0x41, 0x80, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x20, 0x02, 0x41,
    0x10, 0x6A, 0x10, 0x82, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x41, 0x00, 0x21,
    0x04, 0x20, 0x03, 0x41, 0x04, 0x6A, 0x41, 0x00, 0x2F, 0x00, 0x91, 0x88,
    0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x3B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x03, 0x41, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00,
    0x8D, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x02, 0x20, 0x03,
    0x36, 0x02, 0x00, 0x41, 0x93, 0x88, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x20, 0x02, 0x10,
    0x82, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x20, 0x03, 0x10, 0x83, 0x80, 0x80,
    0x80, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x20, 0x02, 0x41, 0x20, 0x6A, 0x24, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
    0x80, 0x00, 0x20, 0x04, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x41, 0x01, 0x00, 0x41, 0x80, 0x08,
    0x0B, 0x3A, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x20, 0x70, 0x74, 0x72, 0x3A, 0x20, 0x25,
    0x70, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66,
    0x3A, 0x20, 0x25, 0x73, 0x00, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x20, 0x77,
    0x6F, 0x72, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x63,
    0x20, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x20, 0x66, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x64, 0x00
};

static void *priv_app_instance_main(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst)
{
    wasm_application_execute_main(module_inst, 0, NULL);

    const char *exception = wasm_runtime_get_exception(module_inst);
    if (exception != NULL) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", exception);
    }

    return NULL;
}

static void *priv_wasm_handler(void *arg)
{
    RuntimeInitArgs init_args = {0};
#if WASM_ENABLE_GLOBAL_HEAP_POOL == 0
    init_args.mem_alloc_type = Alloc_With_Allocator;
    init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.malloc_func  = (void *)os_malloc;
    init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.realloc_func = (void *)os_realloc;
    init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.free_func    = (void *)os_free;
#endif

    if (!wasm_runtime_full_init(&init_args)) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "wasm runtime init failed");
        goto exit;
    }

#if WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0
    char error_buf[128] = {0};

    wasm_module_t wasm_module = NULL;
    wasm_module_inst_t wasm_module_inst = NULL;

    wasm_module = wasm_runtime_load(s_wasm_interp,
                                    sizeof(s_wasm_interp) / sizeof(s_wasm_interp[0]),
                                    error_buf,
                                    sizeof(error_buf) / sizeof(error_buf[0]));
    if (wasm_module == NULL) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "wasm runtime load failed: %s", error_buf);
        goto destroy;
    }

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wasm runtime instantiate");
    wasm_module_inst = wasm_runtime_instantiate(wasm_module,
                                                32 * 1024, /* stack size */
                                                32 * 1024, /* heap size */
                                                error_buf,
                                                sizeof(error_buf) / sizeof(error_buf[0]));
    if (wasm_module_inst == NULL) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "wasm runtime instantiate failed: %s", error_buf);
        goto unload;
    }

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "run the application's main function");
    priv_app_instance_main(wasm_module_inst);

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wasm runtime deinstantiate");
    wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(wasm_module_inst);

unload:
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wasm module unload");
    wasm_runtime_unload(wasm_module);
#endif

#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0
#endif

destroy:
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wasm runtime destroy");
    wasm_runtime_destroy();

exit:
    return NULL;
}

int app_wasm_init(void)
{
    int ret = 0;

    pthread_attr_t pthread_attr;
    ret = pthread_attr_init(&pthread_attr);
    if (ret != 0) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "pthread_attr_init failed: %d", ret);
        goto exit;
    }

    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&pthread_attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
    pthread_attr_setstacksize(&pthread_attr, 4 * 4096);

    /* WAMR 内部会使用 pthread_self, 所以不能使用 FreeRTOS 接口 */
    ret = pthread_create(&s_wasm_tid,
                         &pthread_attr,
                         priv_wasm_handler,
                         (void *)NULL);
    if (ret != 0) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "wasm thread create failed: %d", ret);
        goto exit;
    }

    ret = 0;
exit:
    pthread_attr_destroy(&pthread_attr);

    return ret;
}

打印信息：

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I (715) app_wasm: wasm runtime instantiate
I (725) app_wasm: run the application's main function
Hello world!
buf ptr: 0x1458
buf: 1234
I (735) app_wasm: wasm runtime deinstantiate
I (735) app_wasm: wasm module unload
I (735) app_wasm: wasm runtime destroy

分析

该组件大小

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$ idf.py size-components
                                                                                                         Per-archive contributions to ELF file                                                                     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Archive File                       | Total Size | IRAM | .text | .vectors | DIRAM | .bss | .data | .text | Flash Code |  .text | Flash Data | .tdata | .rodata | .appdesc | External RAM | .bss | RTC FAST | .rtc_reserved | RTC SLOW | .force_slow |
|------------------------------------+------------+------+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+-------+------------+--------+------------+--------+---------+----------+--------------+------+----------+---------------+----------+-------------|
| libespressif__wasm-micro-runtime.a |     170196 |   55 |    55 |        0 |  7214 |  360 |  6854 |     0 |     162708 | 162708 |        219 |      0 |     219 |        0 |            0 |    0 |        0 |             0 |        0 |           0 |

Flash
- Flash Code
  .text = 162708 Bytes
- Flash Data
  .rodata = 219 Bytes
- IRAM
  .text = 55 Bytes
- DIRAM
  .data = 6854 Bytes
总共 162708 + 219 + 55 + 6854 = 169836 Bytes，约 165.9 KB。
RAM
- IRAM
  .text = 55 Bytes
- DIRAM
  .bss = 360 Bytes
  .data = 6854 Bytes
总共 55 + 360 + 6854 = 7269 Bytes，约 7.1 KB。

编译使用的宏

方法一

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$ rm -r build
$ idf.py -v build > build.log 2>&1
$ Select-String -Path build.log -Pattern "wasm-micro-runtime" | ForEach-Object { $_.Line } > wamr_cmds.txt

然后将 wamr_cmds.txt 文件丢给 AI 分析。

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# ESP-IDF
-DESP_PLATFORM
-DESP_PSA_ITS_AVAILABLE
-DIDF_VER="v6.0.2"
-DSOC_MMU_PAGE_SIZE=CONFIG_MMU_PAGE_SIZE
-DSOC_XTAL_FREQ_MHZ=CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ
-DBUILD_TARGET_XTENSA
-DBUILD_TARGET_XTENSA=1

# WAMR
-DWASM_DISABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK=0
-DWASM_DISABLE_STACK_HW_BOUND_CHECK=0
-DWASM_DISABLE_WAKEUP_BLOCKING_OP=0
-DWASM_ENABLE_AOT=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_AOT_INTRINSICS=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_APP_FRAMEWORK=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_BASE_LIB
-DWASM_ENABLE_BULK_MEMORY=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=0
-DWASM_ENABLE_FAST_INTERP=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_INTERP=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_LIBC_BUILTIN=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_LIBC_WASI=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_LIB_PTHREAD=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_MINI_LOADER=0
-DWASM_ENABLE_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE=0
-DWASM_ENABLE_QUICK_AOT_ENTRY=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_SHARED_MEMORY=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_SHRUNK_MEMORY=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR=1
-DWASM_GLOBAL_HEAP_SIZE=10485760
-DWASM_MEM_DUAL_BUS_MIRROR=1

-DBH_FREE=wasm_runtime_free
-DBH_MALLOC=wasm_runtime_malloc
-DBH_PLATFORM_ESP_IDF

-DAPP_THREAD_STACK_SIZE_MAX=131072

# Other
-D_GNU_SOURCE
-D_GLIBCXX_HAVE_POSIX_SEMAPHORE
-D_GLIBCXX_USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORE
-D_POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS
-D__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__=0
-DNDEBUG

方法二

编译完成后，会生成 build/compile_commands.json 文件，在该文件中找到 file 是 wasm-micro-runtime 目录的文件。

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{
  "directory": "D:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/build",
  "command": "C:\\Espressif\\tools\\xtensa-esp-elf\\esp-15.2.0_20251204\\xtensa-esp-elf\\bin\\xtensa-esp32s3-elf-gcc.exe -DAPP_THREAD_STACK_SIZE_MAX=131072 -DBH_FREE=wasm_runtime_free -DBH_MALLOC=wasm_runtime_malloc -DBH_PLATFORM_ESP_IDF -DBUILD_TARGET_XTENSA -DBUILD_TARGET_XTENSA=1 -DESP_PLATFORM -DIDF_VER=\\\"v6.0.2\\\" -DSOC_MMU_PAGE_SIZE=CONFIG_MMU_PAGE_SIZE -DSOC_XTAL_FREQ_MHZ=CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ -DWASM_DISABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK=0 -DWASM_DISABLE_STACK_HW_BOUND_CHECK=0 -DWASM_DISABLE_WAKEUP_BLOCKING_OP=0 -DWASM_ENABLE_AOT=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_AOT_INTRINSICS=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_APP_FRAMEWORK=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_BASE_LIB -DWASM_ENABLE_BULK_MEMORY=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=0 -DWASM_ENABLE_FAST_INTERP=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_INTERP=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_LIBC_BUILTIN=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_LIBC_WASI=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_LIB_PTHREAD=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_MINI_LOADER=0 -DWASM_ENABLE_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE=0 -DWASM_ENABLE_QUICK_AOT_ENTRY=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_SHARED_MEMORY=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_SHRUNK_MEMORY=1 -DWASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR=1 -DWASM_GLOBAL_HEAP_SIZE=10485760 -DWASM_MEM_DUAL_BUS_MIRROR=1 -D_GLIBCXX_HAVE_POSIX_SEMAPHORE -D_GLIBCXX_USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORE -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/interpreter -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/aot -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/libraries/libc-builtin -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/include -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/libraries/libc-wasi/sandboxed-system-primitives/src -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/libraries/lib-pthread -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/libraries/thread-mgr -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/build-scripts/esp-idf/wamr/../../../core/iwasm/include -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/shared/platform/esp-idf -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/shared/platform/esp-idf/../include -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/shared/platform/common/libc-util -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/shared/mem-alloc -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/common -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/shared/utils -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/shared/coap/er-coap -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/shared/coap/extension -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/wamr-app-framework/app-framework/app-native-shared -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/wamr-app-framework/app-framework/base/native -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/wamr-app-framework/app-mgr/app-manager -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/wamr-app-framework/app-mgr/app-mgr-shared -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/build/config -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/iwasm/include -ID:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/managed_components/espressif__wasm-micro-runtime/core/shared/platform/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_libc/platform_include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/freertos/config/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/freertos/config/include/freertos -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/freertos/config/xtensa/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/freertos/FreeRTOS-Kernel/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/freertos/FreeRTOS-Kernel/portable/xtensa/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/freertos/FreeRTOS-Kernel/portable/xtensa/include/freertos -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/freertos/esp_additions/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/include/soc -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/ldo/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/debug_probe/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/etm/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/mspi_timing_tuning/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/mspi_timing_tuning/tuning_scheme_impl/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/power_supply/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/modem/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/include/soc/esp32s3 -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/port/esp32s3/. -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/port/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/mspi_timing_tuning/port/esp32s3/. -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hw_support/mspi_timing_tuning/port/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/heap/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/heap/tlsf -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/log/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/soc/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/soc/esp32s3 -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/soc/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/soc/esp32s3/register -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/hal/platform_port/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/hal/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/hal/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32s3/include/esp32s3 -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_rom/esp32s3 -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_common/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_system/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_system/port/soc -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_system/port/include/private -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_stdio/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/xtensa/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/xtensa/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/xtensa/deprecated_include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_gpio/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_gpio/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_usb/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_usb/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_pmu/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_pmu/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_ana_conv/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_ana_conv/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_dma/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_hal_dma/esp32s3/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/lwip/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/lwip/include/apps -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/lwip/lwip/src/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/lwip/port/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/lwip/port/freertos/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/lwip/port/esp32xx/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/lwip/port/esp32xx/include/arch -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/lwip/port/esp32xx/include/sys -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/pthread/include -ID:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf/components/esp_timer/include @\"D:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3/build/toolchain/cflags\" -std=gnu99 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections                                          -Wall -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-pedantic -O3 -DNDEBUG -fdiagnostics-color=always -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wall -Werror -Wno-error=unused-function -Wno-error=unused-variable -Wno-error=unused-but-set-variable -Wno-error=deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wno-error=extra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-enum-conversion -gdwarf-4 -ggdb -Og -fno-shrink-wrap -fmacro-prefix-map=D:/Zeepunt/temp/ATK_DNESP32S3=. -fmacro-prefix-map=D:/ESP-IDF/v6.0.2/esp-idf=/IDF -fstrict-volatile-bitfields -fno-jump-tables -fno-tree-switch-conversion -std=gnu23 -Wno-old-style-declaration -fzero-init-padding-bits=all -fno-malloc-dce -Wno-format -Wno-type-limits -o esp-idf\\espressif__wasm-micro-runtime\\CMakeFiles\\__idf_espressif__wasm-micro-runtime.dir\\core\\iwasm\\common\\wasm_blocking_op.c.obj -c D:\\Zeepunt\\temp\\ATK_DNESP32S3\\managed_components\\espressif__wasm-micro-runtime\\core\\iwasm\\common\\wasm_blocking_op.c",
  "file": "D:\\Zeepunt\\temp\\ATK_DNESP32S3\\managed_components\\espressif__wasm-micro-runtime\\core\\iwasm\\common\\wasm_blocking_op.c",
  "output": "esp-idf\\espressif__wasm-micro-runtime\\CMakeFiles\\__idf_espressif__wasm-micro-runtime.dir\\core\\iwasm\\common\\wasm_blocking_op.c.obj"
}

将其丢给 AI 分析。

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# ESP-IDF
-DESP_PLATFORM
-DIDF_VER="v6.0.2"
-DSOC_MMU_PAGE_SIZE=CONFIG_MMU_PAGE_SIZE
-DSOC_XTAL_FREQ_MHZ=CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ
-DBUILD_TARGET_XTENSA=1

# WAMR
-DWASM_DISABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK=0
-DWASM_DISABLE_STACK_HW_BOUND_CHECK=0
-DWASM_DISABLE_WAKEUP_BLOCKING_OP=0
-DWASM_ENABLE_AOT=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_AOT_INTRINSICS=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_APP_FRAMEWORK=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_BASE_LIB
-DWASM_ENABLE_BULK_MEMORY=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=0
-DWASM_ENABLE_FAST_INTERP=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_INTERP=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_LIBC_BUILTIN=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_LIBC_WASI=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_LIB_PTHREAD=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_MINI_LOADER=0
-DWASM_ENABLE_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE=0
-DWASM_ENABLE_QUICK_AOT_ENTRY=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_SHARED_MEMORY=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_SHRUNK_MEMORY=1
-DWASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR=1
-DWASM_GLOBAL_HEAP_SIZE=10485760
-DWASM_MEM_DUAL_BUS_MIRROR=1

-DBH_FREE=wasm_runtime_free
-DBH_MALLOC=wasm_runtime_malloc
-DBH_PLATFORM_ESP_IDF

-DAPP_THREAD_STACK_SIZE_MAX=131072

# Other
-D_GNU_SOURCE
-D_GLIBCXX_HAVE_POSIX_SEMAPHORE
-D_GLIBCXX_USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORE
-D_POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS
-DNDEBUG

应用场景

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             客户产品代码 / 自研产品代码
                        |
                        v
                 OpenSDK (Rust/Go/...)
                        |
                        v
                      .wasm
                        |
                        v
       +----------------+----------------+
       |                                 |
+--------------+                 +--------------+
| WAMR Runtime | ESP32           | WAMR Runtime | Linux
+--------------+                 +--------------+
       |                                 |
       +----------------+----------------+
                        ʌ
                        |
              +--------------------+
              | WIFI / LVGL / GPIO | Host API
              +--------------------+

场景一：客户购买硬件（自带固件，固件由厂家维护），然后根据 OpenSDK 的接口文档进行产品开发。

场景二：厂家自研产品，一部分人员维护硬件和固件，另外一部分人员根据 OpenSDK 的接口文件进行应用开发。

Host API 是多平台共用的，在其内部实现中调用不同平台的接口来完成相同的功能。

Linux 平台是方便应用调试，比如使用 LVGL 进行 UI 绘制时，直接在 Linux 看效果，然后再放到硬件进行实机测试。

WebAssembly#

介绍#

Wasm Runtime#

MSYS2#

ESP32S3#

编译#

测试#

分析#

该组件大小#

编译使用的宏#

应用场景#