测试环境

Ubuntu 22.04

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$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS
Release:        22.04
Codename:       jammy

安装 ESP-IDF

  • 安装 EIM（ESP-IDF 安装管理器）

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    # APT 源列表添加 EIM 仓库
$ echo "deb [trusted=yes] https://dl.espressif.com/dl/eim/apt/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/espressif.list

$ sudo apt update

# GUI 和 CLI
$ sudo apt install eim

# 可以仅安装 CLI
$ sudo apt install eim-cli

  • 安装 ESP-IDF

    当前最新的 ESP-IDF 稳定版本是 v6.0.1，所以我们安装该版本。

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    $ sudo eim install -i v6.0.1
...
2026-05-30 22:20:42 - 10 - 05 - INFO - Wizard result: Ok
2026-05-30 22:20:42 - 10 - 05 - INFO - Successfully installed IDF
2026-05-30 22:20:42 - 10 - 05 - INFO - Now you can start using IDF tools

$ eim list
2026-05-30 22:21:25 - 10 - 05 - INFO - Listing installed versions...
Installed versions:
- v6.0.1 (selected) [/home/zeepunt/.espressif/v6.0.1/esp-idf]

    默认情况下，ESP-IDF 及其相关组件是安装到 ~/.espressif 目录下。

  • 查看 ESP-IDF 的启动脚本

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    $ eim select
Available versions:
✔ Which version do you want to select? · v6.0.1
Selected version: v6.0.1
===========================================
To activate this environment, run the following command in your terminal:
source "/home/zeepunt/.espressif/tools/activate_idf_v6.0.1.sh"
===========================================

安装依赖

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$ sudo apt install libbsd-dev

构建和编译项目

假设当前并不存在 ESP-IDF 项目，所以我们要新建一个。

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# 启动 ESP-IDF 环境
$ source ~/.espressif/tools/activate_idf_v6.0.1.sh

# 创建项目
$ idf.py create-project esp_linux
$ cd esp_linux

启动 ESP-IDF 环境后，可以使用命令 deactivate 退出。

修改该项目根目录下的 CMakeLists.txt 文件。

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$ vim CMakeLists.txt

# The following five lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's
# CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)

include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)

set(COMPONENTS main) # 添加这行, 而且必须放在 project 前面

project(esp_linux)

将目标芯片设为 linux。

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$ idf.py --preview set-target linux

# 查看是否配置成功
$ cat sdkconfig | grep CONFIG_IDF_TARGET
CONFIG_IDF_TARGET="linux"
CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX=y

编译。

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$ idf.py build

运行。

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$ idf.py monitor

Executing action: monitor
Running idf_monitor in directory /home/zeepunt/share/project/esp_linux
Executing "/home/zeepunt/.espressif/tools/python/v6.0.1/venv/bin/python /home/zeepunt/.espressif/v6.0.1/esp-idf/tools/idf_monitor.py --toolchain-prefix  --target linux --revision 0 /home/zeepunt/share/project/esp_linux/build/esp_linux.elf -m '/home/zeepunt/.espressif/tools/python/v6.0.1/venv/bin/python' '/home/zeepunt/.espressif/v6.0.1/esp-idf/tools/idf.py'"...
--- esp-idf-monitor 1.9.0 on linux
--- Quit: Ctrl+] | Menu: Ctrl+T | Help: Ctrl+T followed by Ctrl+H
I (13595519) port: Starting scheduler.

版权声明

本文为「Zeepunt 日常随笔」的原创文章，遵循 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 许可协议。允许在署名作者、注明原文链接且不作任何更改的前提下非商业性地分享本文。

原文链接：https://zeepunt.github.io/article/esp32/esp32%E5%9C%A8-linux-%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%8B%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F/